Learning how to operate a forklift can transform your work life and open up a world of opportunities. However, a forklift in the wrong hands can be dangerous, which is why proper training and a deep understanding of the equipment is essential. Learning how to operate a forklift is not just about knowing which lever does what; it’s about developing a sixth sense of the forklift’s movements and limitations.
In this article, we will cover how to operate a forklift and the training required to do so.
Step One: Pass The Forklift Operator Training Requirements
As mentioned above, a forklift in the wrong hands can be dangerous. So, when it comes to operating a forklift safely, proper training is key. You can’t just hop on and start driving one of these heavy machines without knowing what you’re doing. Trust me, we have seen what can happen when someone tries to wing it and it’s not pretty.
That’s why OSHA makes sure forklift operators go through strict training.
Get Your OSHA Forklift Certification
First things first, you need to get certified. OSHA requires that all forklift operators receive training from their employer that covers topics like:
- How to operate a forklift safely and specifics on the type of forklift you’ll be using.
- Workplace hazards and how to avoid them.
- Proper load handling techniques.
- Maintenance and inspection procedures.
This OSHA-approved training has to include both classroom instruction and hands-on practice. No cutting corners allowed.
Classroom and Hands-On Training
In the classroom, you’ll dive into everything about how to operate a forklift. You’ll cover all the technical parts like what each component does, how to operate a forklifts controls effectively, and even some basic physics on lifting and moving heavy loads.
However, book smarts will only get you so far. That’s where the hands-on part comes in. You’ll practice forklift driving and operation under the watchful eye of a qualified trainer. They’ll make sure you’re using proper techniques and following all the safety rules.
If you are interested in learning how to operate a forklift. Make sure you go through a trusted safety training program that can certify you with both classroom and hands-on training. At Conger, we have locations in Green Bay, Neenah, Wausau, Richfield and Madison Wisconsin and would gladly take on anyone eager to become forklift certified.
We also offer train-the-trainer certification courses for those who wants to train and educate someone on their team on how to build and execute an effective, OSHA-compliant in-house forklift operator training program.
Forklift Operator Responsibilities
Once you’re a certified forklift operator, the responsibility for safe operation falls on your shoulders. As a forklift driver, you’ll be expected to:
- Inspect the forklift before each shift to make sure it’s in good working order.
- Report any issues or forklift maintenance needs right away.
- Follow all workplace traffic rules and safety protocols.
- Properly secure and balance loads before moving them.
- Never exceed the forklift’s rated load capacity.
Keeping track of everything might seem overwhelming, yet it’s essential for ensuring your and your coworkers’ safety. In our experience, the best forklift operators prioritize their training and safety.
Step Two: Conduct A Pre-Operational Forklift Inspection
Before you even think about turning the key and firing up your forklift for the day, there’s one crucial step you can’t skip: the pre-operational inspection. This daily routine requires that you give your forklift a quick health check to make sure it’s fit for duty.
And let me tell you, catching potential problems can save you a world of trouble down the line.
Visual Inspection of Forklift Components
Start by giving your forklift a good visual once-over. You’re looking for any obvious damage or wear and tear that could compromise safety. Some key things to check:
- Forks – Make sure they’re not bent, cracked, or mismatched in height.
- Tires – Look for cuts, bubbles, or excessive wear. Check that they’re properly inflated.
- Overhead Guard – Ensure it’s securely attached and free of dents or cracks.
- Hydraulic Hoses – Inspect for leaks, cracks, or any other damage.
- Safety Decals – Verify that all warning labels and decals are present and legible.
If you spot any visible defects during your visual check, note them on your daily inspection log and report them to your supervisor before operating the forklift.
Check Fluid Levels and Gauges
Now, pop the hood and take a look at your forklift’s vital fluids. Check to see if these levels are where they should be:
- Engine Oil
- Hydraulic Fluid
- Coolant
- Fuel (if applicable)
Low fluid levels can lead to some serious problems, so make sure everything is topped off before you hit the warehouse floor. While you’re at it, take a look at your gauges too. The hour meter, fuel gauge, and any warning lights should all be functioning properly.
Test Forklift Controls and Safety Features
The last step in your pre-operational inspection is to put your forklift through its paces with a quick test drive. Climb into the operator’s seat (after adjusting it to fit you comfortably) and buckle up. Then, systematically test all your controls and safety features:
- Honk the horn.
- Test the brakes and parking brake.
- Operate the mast tilt and lift controls.
- Check that the backup alarm and lights are working.
- Verify that the steering responds smoothly.
If everything checks out, you’re ready to roll. However, if something seems off during your test drive, don’t take a chance with it. Park the forklift and call in the maintenance crew to take a look or check in with your local dealer.
Remember, a thorough pre-operational inspection only takes a few minutes, but it could save you from a world of hurt. So don’t cut corners – make it a non-negotiable part of your daily routine.
Step Three: Understand The Basic Forklift Controls and Instruments
Alright, so you’ve completed your pre-operational inspection and you’re ready to get behind the wheel of your forklift. But before you do, it’s crucial to familiarize yourself with all the forklift instruments and controls at your fingertips.
Trust me, you don’t want to be fumbling around trying to figure out how to lower the forks when you’ve got a heavy load suspended in midair. That’s a recipe for disaster. So let’s break down the basic forklift controls and what each one does.
Steering and Maneuvering Controls
First up, you’ve got your steering wheel. Pretty self-explanatory, right? It works just like the steering wheel in your car, allowing you to guide your forklift in the direction you want to go.
But here’s where things get a little different. Most forklifts have rear-wheel steering, which means the back end swings out when you turn. It takes some getting used to, but it allows for tighter turns in narrow spaces.
To control your speed and direction, you’ll use the accelerator pedal and brake pedal, just like in a car. Some forklifts also have an inching pedal, which lets you creep forward slowly while raising or lowering the forks. And don’t forget about the directional controls lever – this is what lets you switch between forward and reverse.
Lifting and Tilting Controls
Now let’s talk about the controls that let you do some lifting. You’ll typically have two or three levers that control the movement of the forks:
- Lift Lever – Raises and lowers the forks.
- Tilt Lever – Tilts the mast forward and backward.
- Side Shift Lever (if equipped) – Moves the forks side to side.
It’s important to use smooth, controlled movements when operating these levers. Jerky motions can cause the load to shift or even fall off the forks. Always remember to keep the forks tilted back slightly when carrying a load to keep it stable. Only tilt forward when you’re ready to set the load down.
Forklift Dashboard Gauges and Indicators
Last but not least, let’s take a quick look at the forklift’s instrument panel. This is where you’ll find all the gauges and warning lights that keep you informed about your machine’s health. Some common gauges you’ll see:
- Fuel Gauge – Tells you how much fuel or battery charge you have left.
- Oil Pressure Gauge – Monitors the engine’s oil pressure. If it drops too low, you’ve got a problem.
- Temperature Gauge – Keeps tabs on the engine or hydraulic fluid temperature. Overheating is a major red flag.
- Hour Meter – Tracks total operating time, which is important for scheduling maintenance.
You’ll also have various warning lights that will alert you to issues like low brake fluid, transmission problems, or a parking brake that’s still engaged.
These are just some basic forklift controls that you should become familiar with. Forklifts can vary depending on their operational requirements, attachments, and manufacture. You must familiarize yourself with your business’s specific equipment and job specifications.
Getting to know all the forklift controls and indicators is essential for operating a forklift safely. If you ever find yourself confused about what a certain lever or light does, check your operator’s manual or ask an experienced coworker for help.
The key to staying safe and efficient with heavy equipment operations such as forklifts is knowledge. When you’re well-informed about how things work, your performance on the job improves significantly.
Step Four: Learn Safe Forklift Operation Techniques
You’re familiar with the forklift controls now, so let’s go over some crucial safety techniques. While forklifts are incredibly helpful machines, they can pose serious risks if mishandled.
OSHA statistics show that forklifts are involved in about 85 fatal accidents and 34,900 serious injuries every year. Yikes. But the good news is, that most of these accidents are completely preventable with proper training and safe operating practices.
Here are a few important forklift tips to help you and your colleagues stay out of danger.
Maintaining Proper Load Balance
One of the biggest mistakes rookie forklift operators make is not paying attention to load balance. An unbalanced load is a tipping hazard waiting to happen. Here are some tips for keeping your loads stable:
- Center the load on the forks as much as possible.
- Don’t overload the forks beyond their rated capacity.
- Use the load backrest extension if necessary to stabilize tall loads.
- Tilt the mast back slightly to cradle the load.
- Travel with the load as low to the ground as possible while still clearing any obstacles.
Never try to raise or lower the forks while driving the forklift.
Navigating Tight Spaces and Turns
Forklifts are designed to maneuver in tight spaces, but that doesn’t mean it’s easy. It takes practice and a keen awareness of your surroundings to navigate narrow aisles and sharp turns safely. Some things to keep in mind:
- Always look in the direction of travel, whether you’re moving forward or in reverse.
- Use your mirrors and rear-view camera (if equipped) to help with visibility.
- Keep an eye out for pedestrians, especially in high-traffic areas.
- Watch for overhead obstacles like pipes, sprinklers, or low doorways.
- Take turns slowly and smoothly to avoid tip-overs.
- Use your horn to alert others when approaching blind corners or intersections.
And if you’re ever unsure if you can fit through a space safely, stop and reassess. It’s better to take an extra minute to find a safer route than to risk getting stuck or causing damage.
Traveling at Safe Speeds
It can be tempting to zip around the warehouse on your forklift, especially if you’re trying to meet a tight deadline. But trust me, excessive speed and forklifts do not mix.
Speeding often leads to forklift accidents because it makes stopping harder, shortens your reaction time, and complicates controlling the machine if something unexpected happens.
As a general rule, you should always travel at a speed that allows you to stop safely within the available space. That means slowing way down in congested areas, on ramps or inclines, and slippery or uneven surfaces. And never, ever engage in stunt driving or horseplay on a forklift.
Interacting with Pedestrians
In many workplaces, forklifts have to share space with pedestrians like coworkers, customers, or visitors. This can be a dangerous mix if everyone isn’t on the same page about forklift safety.
As a forklift operator, it’s your responsibility to always yield the right of way to pedestrians. That means:
- Slowing down and stopping if necessary to let people pass.
- Make eye contact and use hand signals to communicate your intentions.
- Never assume a pedestrian sees you or knows what you’re going to do.
- Keeping a safe distance, especially when passing or rounding corners.
- Never allow passengers to ride on the forklift unless it’s specifically designed for it.
Remember, folks on foot are much more at risk than you in your forklift cage. You need to handle your machine carefully to make sure everyone stays safe.
The key to ending your shift without any hiccups lies in being vigilant, sticking to proper protocols, and exercising good judgment. Mastering these vital practices will set you on the path to becoming an outstanding forklift operator who always puts safety first.
Step Five: Practice Proper Forklift Parking and Shutdown Procedures
You’ve spent a long shift moving heavy loads around the warehouse, and now it’s finally time to call it a day. However, before you can clock out and head home, there’s one last crucial task on your to-do list: properly parking and shutting down your forklift.
I know, I know – it’s tempting to just jump off and leave the machine wherever it sits. But trust me, taking a few extra minutes to follow the proper procedures can save you (and your employer) a world of headaches down the line.
Parking forklifts improperly can cause serious accidents and damage at work. It leads to tripping hazards, obstructs traffic lanes, and if parked on a slope, the forklift might even roll away.
So let’s walk through the steps of parking and shutting down your forklift the right way.
Selecting a Safe Parking Area
- Avoid Traffic Zones: Always park forklifts away from high-traffic areas to minimize the risk of accidents.
- Flat Surface: Choose a flat surface to prevent unintentional movement or tipping over.
- Follow Company Guidelines: Ensure you adhere to your company’s specific guidelines for parking locations.
Placing Gear into Neutral Position
Ensure that you shift gears into neutral before turning off power. Doing so will prevent any accidental forward/backward movements which could potentially cause harm or equipment damage.
Engaging the Parking Brake
Engaging the parking brake to helps secure the vehicle in place, especially on slight inclines where there might be risks of rolling back or forth.
Lowering Forks to Ground Level
Make sure you fully lower the forks to the ground. This is important for a few reasons:
- It prevents the forks from creating a tripping hazard for pedestrians.
- It reduces the risk of the forks accidentally falling and causing damage or injury.
- It takes the pressure off the hydraulic system, preventing leaks and extending the life of the components.
Make sure to lower the forks gently and smoothly, not abruptly. Slamming them down can damage the forks, the floor, and the load if you’re still carrying one.
Once the forks are on the ground, tilt the mast forward slightly to ensure stability and safety when handling loads.
Questions About How to Operate a Forklift
How to operate a forklift step by step?
First, get OSHA-approved forklift training. Inspect the machine. Start it up and test controls. Steer with care, lift loads properly, travel at the speed limit, then park and shut down correctly.
What are the basic rules of forklift operation?
Follow safety protocols: inspect daily, balance loads well, and drive cautiously around pedestrians and tight spaces. Avoid overloading or speeding.
Is it easy to learn how to operate a forklift?
If you commit to proper training and practice regularly under supervision, learning can be straightforward but requires diligence.
What are the three pedals on a forklift for?
The gas pedal moves forward or backward; the brake pedal stops motion; the inching pedal offers precise control during loading/unloading tasks.
Conclusion
Mastering how to operate a forklift is a journey, not a destination. It takes practice, patience, and a commitment to safety to truly become one with the machine. But the rewards are well worth the effort.
Armed with fresh abilities, no challenge at a warehouse or construction site will seem too big anymore. You’ll quickly become someone others depend on when things get tough—a true asset to your crew. Best of all? You’ll have both the smarts and confidence required to ensure everyone’s safety.
So go ahead, climb into that driver’s seat, and embrace the power of knowing how to operate a forklift. Your work life will never be the same.